![]() Southern Biomass Trading Floor opens for domestic and international trading on 1st October 2005. Source: NZTE Market Report, September (Comment on story Southern Biomass Trading Floor opens for business The licence to harvest the wood will only progress following consultation with local First Nations groups. The province provided special beetle salvage licences for tender, to try and combat the problem facing vast tracts of the forest resource, and the new company was the only bidder for the tender. The project will cost C$110 million and will create over 600 jobs. The new venture will build four wood pellet plants in the BC interior to take the beetle-damaged pine. ![]() Wood pellet burners are a common energy source in commercial and residential operations in Europe and Scandinavia. A new alliance announced in July between a Vancouver company and Swedish partners will ship wood pellets made from beetle-kill wood to the European market. and one to end the week on.train travelīeetle-killed wood finds a new home in ScandinaviaĪs BC continues to battle against mass die-offs of trees due to mountain pine beetle infestations in the interior, new hope is emerging for uses for the beetle-kill wood. New Zealand forestry gains global recognition.Future Australian forestry skills audit welcomed by industry.Logging ban posing problems for Philippines furniture manufacturers.1.7m ha of eucalyptus plantations established in China.US$12 billion impact to forest products sector following Katrina.Concern about potential scams out of China.Woodwaste - 160MW of untapped NZ electricity generation potential.Southern Biomass Trading Floor opens for business.Sawmill staff layoffs announced in SA and Victoria.Beetle-killed wood finds a new home in Scandinavia.Make no bones about it, this issue in Coromandel has major ramifications to the future of the forestry industry in New Zealand. I'd suggest the only endangered species the New Zealand Government will have to deal with are existing forestry and wood products companies moving even more rapidly with their feet and prospective investors looking elsewhere as a direct consequence of the current RMA. The only difference is that in New Zealand, the industry doesn't have an endangered species to contend with. This latest process has the potential to become as debilitating to the New Zealand forestry industry as the spotted owl issue was to the industry in North America. Of course the larger riparian or riverside strips make any harvesting in the area - and most forests in NZ - uneconomic. Where it gets even harder for the forestry industry to swallow is that this small environmental pressure group is according to their website and promotional materials, appealing in conjunction with the Department of Conservation. With the regional Council running scared, Environment Waikato is now pushing for 15m either side of the stream and the environmental pressure group, 45m either side of streams. The company is offering to extend this out to 10m. The existing resource consent is for a 5-metre strip on either side of the streams. Much of the appeal is based on the riparian strips alongside streams. It appears a Coromandel-based pressure group is now preparing to appeal BML's application for renewal of it's resource consent to harvest trees within it's own 10,557ha of forests in the Coromandel. The NZ forestry industry was justifiably outraged when the decision was made in late July. The company decided with the current legislation that it had no grounds to appeal the court decision. Granted resource consents to the company were overturned by a local appeal to the Environment Court, mainly based on the perceived amenity values of a stream side piece of land. We reported several issues back on Blue Mountain Lumber's (BML) failed bid (reportedly costing the company NZ$1.5 million) to establish a NZ$30 million sawmill in the Coromandel Peninsula, New Zealand. However, something caught my eye recently that caused me to question the New Zealand Government's real commitment to encouraging growth in the industry on this side of the Tasman. We have a wide range of readers from an increasingly wide cross section of industries within the Australasian forestry, wood products and paper sectors. (morning.As an editor to Offcuts I deliberately make few comments on some of the key issues that we collate and bring to you each week through this e-newsletter. Web.ġ901 'Advertising', Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle (Vic. "Advertising" Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle (Vic. Bairnsdale Advertiser and Tambo and Omeo Chronicle (Vic. Article identifier Page identifier APA citationĪdvertising (1901, August 13).
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This executive order seeks to create a Government-wide initiative to promote diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA). On June 25, 2021, President Biden released Executive Order 14035: Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility in the Federal Workforce. The Office of Civil Rights has been tasked with overseeing the successful implementation of the following executive orders and presidential memorandums within the Department of Commerce. Affirmative Action Plan for People with DisabilitiesĮxecutive Orders on Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility.Sexual Orientation Discrimination Complaint Process.Section 508 & Architectural Barriers Act (ABA).Executive Orders on Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Accessibility.Accessible Services for Deaf and Hard of Hearing (Hoh) Individuals.Minority Serving Institutions (MSI) Program.Limited English Proficiency (LEP) Program.First Generation Professionals Initiative.Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Accessibility.Departmental Administrative Orders (DAOs).Reasonable Accommodation Policy & Procedures.Allegations of Harassment Prohibited by Federal Law.But Congress neglected to include presidential memoranda, and included them the next year - but only for a memorandum with an estimated regulatory cost of $100 million or more. ► Cost estimates: In 2014, fed up with Obama's executive orders, Congress required the White House Office of Management and Budget to begin reporting on the cost of executive orders. Presidential memoranda are used to delegate tasks and reports assigned by Congress to the president, start a regulatory process, or direct a specific department or agency to do something. ![]() They can impose economic sanctions on other countries, declare states of emergency, or give federal workers a day off. ► Subjects: Executive orders are often organizational, used to create new executive branch committees, processes or lines of responsibility. A presidential memorandum can be changed with another memorandum. ► Amendments: An executive order can only be amended or rescinded by another executive order. Presidential memoranda have no such requirement. That could be the constitution, or a specific statute. Kennedy, an executive order must cite the authority the president has to issue it. ► Authority: Under an executive order signed by President John F. Notices and determinations are usually required by Congress on specific issues. The hierarchy is: Proclamations, executive orders, presidential memoranda, presidential notices, and presidential determinations. ► Precedence: Certain types of orders are given priority in publication in the Federal Register, and may take legal precedence. But it's the publication of the memorandum that gives them "general applicability and legal effect." ► Publication: Executive orders are required by law to be published in the Federal Register, which is sort of the executive counterpart to the Congressional Record. Presidential memoranda may be published or not, depending on the subject. ► Prestige: An order sounds more assertive than a memo, and the numbering system gives executive orders an aura of power. ![]() Trump's most recent order, titled, "Minimizing the Economic Burden of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Pending Repeal," is Executive Order 13765. Presidential memoranda are not numbered, which makes them more difficult to count. ► Numbering: Executive orders are numbered. Boss character Krizalid was designed “a stylish look with straight and serious strength.” However, the designer in charge said that” exaggerated. In contrast, Bao is in the game in order to reduce the average age of Team Psycho Soldiers. Get Unlimited SSD Web Hosting with cPanel $1.99/moĭevelopers also found problems with the large number of young characters in the game, such as staff also designed older character, as Maxima and Vanessa ( who appeared only in the Dreamcast version as a striker, and is not officially released until version next year ) to balance the game. Whip the character was originally intended to appear in the King of Fighters 96, but due to the introduction of Leona in that game, the staff decided to wait until KOF 99. Nevertheless, this idea was abandoned, but later became a tribute to The King of Fighters 2000 with the introduction of Rocky, a character Robo Army as a forward in Maxima. Therefore, based on the concept of adding different EX versions of characters from previous games, the staff created clones of Kyo, Kyo with movesets that would include classics (Kyo-1 using the first two games movesets “while Kyo-2 uses the 96 and 97 movesets) wanted to create a staff Team Robo Army. Kyo was also redesigned for this game, but the developers still liked Kyo costume school uniform. However, due to the negative response from fans in localization testing, decided to readd them as unlockable characters. The King of Fighters 99 initially intended to remove Kyo Kusanagi and Iori Yagami from the series due to the introduction of the new main character, K’. The game introduces several changes to the established KOF format, as well as a new story arc that was later called the “nests Chronicles”. Both the Neo Geo and Dreamcast versions are included in The Kings of Fighters NESTS Hen compilation released for the PlayStation 2 in Japan. This version was released in Japan and North America. A Dreamcast version was also released under the title The King of Fighters 99 Evolution in which the stages look exactly the same as compared with the arcade counterpart only to be exclusively, remodeled into 3D rendered. The game was ported to the Neo -Geo CD and the PlayStation as the final KOF game released for both platforms. It is the sixth installment in the company’s The King of Fighters. It is also known as The King of Fighters 99 Millennium Battle, a 1999 fighting game head to head by SNK released for the Neo Geo arcade and home platform. ![]() Free download The King of Fighters 99 (KOF 99) game for PC. You can even download the YouTube files without any App with the help of a simple online service named Saveform. The terms and conditions of the search engine company forbid these applications, so you’ll have to download the APK installation file from its official website, accessible through our Download button, or from other alternative markets such as Aptoide or Blackmart. As you’ve probably realized, you’ll never be able to find an application to download videos (or extract their audio) on Google Play. Peggo – MP3s from YouTube and SoundCloud, a tool with which we can not only download videos to watch them offline whenever we want but also extract their audio in MP3 format to listen to songs without an Internet connection and create our own music collection. Contents sorted according to different categories.Save your mobile data, and enjoy a comfortable browsing experience. ![]() Block annoying Ads, Pop-ups, and Banners effectively.Huge catalog of movies, music, and videos.Quick access to all the major categories in the navigation bar.YTD is a good video downloader App to choose for Android. YTD is a lite weight app and thus doesn’t consume much of your device resources. You can also set a password to protect the content. Create a playlist and maintain your favorite collection of media. You can get access to unlimited downloads from a number of streaming sites. YTD is a new video and audio downloader application for Android. And, the download process is simple as it involves just clicking on the download button. Videos are downloaded at the speed of lightning in the YT3 Downloader. Moreover, support for lyrics is also available. It is a simple yet powerful app with many great features like an easy user interface, allowing downloads in high definition, and support for downloading MP3 and MP4 file formats. YT3 Downloader is an app that allows users to download videos and music from Youtube. A large number of Indian Movies and TV Shows.The interface is user-friendly and easy to use.You can filter the movies by Genre, Year, Rating, and type.Multiple downloads with inbuilt browser support.But this App can prove to be very powerful if you have a low-end Android phone with limited power. The best thing about the app is you can run it without any Google API or the irritating Google Play Services.īasically, the NewPipe App just collects the YT website’s URL source and displays it in the form of the App. NewPipe is a Freeware Open Source lightweight YouTube App. It App contains ads that you can remove by buying the Videoder Premium plugin from the Play Store.Īll you need to do is install the App, open your favorite video and tap on the share button and then click on the Videoder icon to generate the links. The best part of the App is it creates the download links directly without opening the Videoder App thus reducing the effort to switch between the Apps. The App supports video download from a large number of websites and Apps including Social Media Sites like FB, Twitter, etc. ![]() The app has a very smooth UI and easy-to-navigate features. Videoder is another popular video downloading the app for Android. So if you are looking to download all videos from a playlist, then Pure Tuber is perfect for you! You can sign in with your YouTube Account to sync your YouTube data in one click! The batch download feature is the best feature of this app. Users can download MP3 and MP4 file formats easily from Pure Tuber. It has many resolution options like 720p, 1080p, 2K, and 4K to choose from. No ads, background playback, and login support are some of the stellar features of the Pure Tuber app. ![]() ![]() Download videos in MP4 or FLV formats also AAC format.MP3 Media Converter to convert files into required formats.You can easily pause, resume or cancel a download.Easily download multiple video files simultaneously.Create your own playlist of your favorite music videos and play them using the inbuilt media player.Change the preferred location to save videos on-device storage.The TubeMate not only allows you to download videos from YT but also from other popular video streaming apps like Vimeo, Dailymotion, etc. The TubeMate app has many great features including pause/resume downloads, background downloads, multiple downloads, an inbuilt player, and much more interesting. Right? The list would be incomplete without the mention of TubeMate, the most popular YouTube video downloader app for Android. ![]() Suppose that we are tasked with building a road tunnel that passes through a mountain and must accommodate the size of some truck. Our problem is inspired by tunnel construction. provides us with uniqueness results for minimal volume enclosing ellipsoids in d dimensions. described an algorithm for computing the minimum enclosing circle or ellipse of a set of planar curves, in the case of a circle the expected running time is linear in the number of input curves. ![]() ![]() It turns out that minimization of curves by length and curvature can lead to character recognition, prototype formation, and object recognition, and is potentially useful in other applications such as registration and tracking, for more details see. describes how to reconstruct a curve that is partially hidden or corrupted by minimizing the functional ∫ 1 + K 2 d s, depending both on the length and curvature K. defines an algorithm which approximates the minimal area encasing rectangle for an arbitrary closed curve, it first determines the minimal perimeter and then selects the area of the minimal rectangle which contains the polygon. presents a method to obtain a minimal covering of a thin convex domain, based on minimizing the area of the respective Minkowski sum. Our problem is inspired by several other problems in the plane. Although such problems in the plane are easy to define and understand, the solution is often non-trivial and requires a great deal of effort to achieve. One often needs to prove analytically that the solution exists, and then uniqueness comes into question. Optimization problems with geometrical constraints are well studied and can be solved in different approaches, e.g., by giving an algorithmic approximation, a numerical solution or an analytic solution. ![]() The extension could logout after a month if it wasn't used. More details about these cool new features here.Ģ019–06–11 New - Easy all-caps fonts (uppercase/lowercase-only fonts are saved to display the missing case) - Warnings to highlight potential issues - Scaling guidelines to compare glyph size with a standard font - Preview glyph name & Unicode value in Spacing & Kerning views - Easily copy characters in Spacing & Kerning views - Convert color fonts to “black” fonts - Create & edit alternates via Smart Batch - Scale a font to a specific height - New help articles on Advanced Spacing and Kerning Groups Improved - Performance improvements (up to 50% faster to refresh fonts) - New spacing & kerning sample texts to quick-start the process Fixed - Kerning Pad bug that displayed wrong alternates - Scrolling bug when selecting glyphs - Alternates kerning bug when using kerning groupsĢ019–03–05 Fixed - Some users weren't able to enter the license key and login successfully. Improved - Speed, speed, speed (up to 500% faster to open, load and refresh complex fonts) Fixed - Fewer crashes when editing complex vector & bitmap fonts - Metrics import bug that mixed up some glyphs - Wrong conversion for all-cap fonts on Ÿ Fontself Maker for Photoshop 3.2.2 ![]() ![]() Fontself Maker for Photoshop 3.5.8Ģ022–10-24 Improved - Compatible with Photoshop 2023 Fixed - Circumventing new bugs introduced by Photoshop's latest versionsĢ021–07-21 Fixed - Circumventing new bugs introduced by Photoshop's latest versions Fontself Maker for Photoshop 3.5.6Ģ021–06-28 Fixed - Minor bugs Apple Silicon / M1+ computers compatibility issue requires to run under Rosetta Fontself Maker for Photoshop 3.5.4Ģ020–11-02 Fixed - Compatibility bug fixed on Windows for Photoshop 2021 Fontself Maker for Photoshop 3.5.3Ģ020–10-19 Improved - Compatible with Photoshop 2021 - Compatible with macOS Big Sur 11 Fixed - Bugs with vector strokes Fontself Maker for Photoshop 3.5.2Ģ020–09-07 Fixed - Minor bugs Fontself Maker for Photoshop 3.5.1Ģ020–02–20 New - Smart Metrics: get spacing & kerning adjusted for all glyphs in one click (vector fonts only) - Support of Greek Fixed - Minor bugs Fontself Maker for Photoshop 3.4.0Ģ019–09–06 New - Photoshop 2020 ready - macOS 10.15 (Catalina) ready Fixed - Importing metrics now works with single-case fonts Fontself Maker for Photoshop 3.3.0Ģ019–07–30 New - Smart Create: import & name many glyphs at once (select them and enter the same amount of characters, separated by a comma, like: A,a,B,b or $,€,¥ or Б,Д,Ж,И or more sophisticated ffi.liga, f.alt2 to create ligatures and alternates) ![]() ![]() This protective layer can become clogged up with dust and debris as you carry your phone in your pocket, causing the maximum volume to go down. The JBL Clip 3 is a great example because it can last up to 10 hours on a charge and works great with all modern Android devices.Īndroid speakers are typically covered by a fine protective mesh or grille. You can get a small Bluetooth speaker that clips to your backpack or belt loop and you can carry with you everywhere you go. This feature makes it perfect for playing audio and video files that are too quiet without also increasing the volume of all other apps and system sounds. Just like its desktop counterpart, VLC for Android has a built-in equalizer with the ability to increase the volume beyond 100%. Other Ways to Boost Volume on Androidīesides the best volume booster apps listed in this article, there are other ways to boost volume on Android you know about. The app is supported entirely by ads, which means that no features are locked behind in-app purchases. You can use it to independently boost the volume of system sounds, voice, music, and alarms.Įven though Volume Booster Pro was last updated in 2019, the app still works great on all devices running Android 4.4 and newer. Volume Booster Pro is a stylish app that does exactly what it promises to do. Unfortunately, the app has some issues with hi-res track playback on Samsung devices. Adjustments can be saved as convenient presents and activated on a per-device basis. The equalizer has a built-in preamp that can instantly make any unintelligible audio listenable. You can use it to separately configure up to 32 bands up to +/-15 dB. Poweramp Equalizer is an equalizer app from the team behind the Poweramp music player. If you want to increase your Android volume only when using certain headphones or a specific app, then you can set up an automation routine and let Precise Volume configure everything for you. The built-in equalizer lets you adjust bass, mids, and highs separately, and it comes with a dedicated volume booster that you can use to boost volume higher than normally allowed. Precise Volume ensures that your audio will never be too loud or too quiet by giving you 100 volume steps to choose from (the pro version gives you 1 million steps). Precise Volumeīy default, the Android operating system gives you only 15 volume steps. The app is free to download (supported by ads), and it works on all devices running Android 4.4 and higher or 4.2 and lower.īecause the Volume Booster has only two main settings (volume and boost), setting it up and achieving the desired volume level takes very little time. Its easy-to-remember name isn’t the only reason why Volume Booster by GOODEV is one of our favorite apps of this kind. The app is free to download, but some of its most useful features are locked as in-app purchases. Wavelet can increase the volume of your headphones and restore the balance between the left and the right channels, among other things. The app features a large library of sound optimizations for popular headphones, and you can apply them with a simple tap. Wavelet is the best volume booster for headphones. Fortunately, even such speakers can be made louder.Īfter testing the most popular volume booster apps that are available in the Play Store, we’re certain that the ones listed below are the best ones. Inadequate speakers: Some Android devices ship with low-quality speakers that are quieter than they should be.Noisy surroundings: The tiny speaker that’s built into your Android device doesn’t have enough umpf in it to outperform various sources of noise that you may encounter when out and about unless you give it a boost.Listening to such files without a sound booster can be an exhausting experience. Low source volume: Some audio and video files are poorly mastered, and they are not loud enough even at their maximum volume.Volume booster apps can be used for a variety of different reasons, including: Why Use a Volume Booster App to Increase Volume on Android? Is the sound coming out of your Android device tiny and unintelligible no matter how many times you press the volume up button? Then you need one of the volume booster apps recommended in this article to increase it. ![]() This can be pretty funny at first, but as you progress further in the game it does get a little grating. Your limb is unwieldy at best, and it’s particularly easy to stab and remove a heart instead of the lung next to it. ![]() You have a lot of control over your hand (with the ability to grab, twist and pull forward and back) but using it with any finesse is another story. The tricky aspect of removing organs and healing poor Bob is the fact you have to use your floppy hand. There are a few ways to keep Bob clinging on while you operate, there’s a red syringe for filling him up with extra blood or a yellow one for stopping any current holes from squirting out that precious haemoglobin. Each patient (or Bob as they’re known) has a different poorly body part that needs replacing, but if you’re too rough and don’t try and keep blood loss to a minimum Bob will bleed out and you’ll fail at the level. Just use your hand or a tool, and pull or slice whatever organ or extremity you want to remove. Performing surgery is surprisingly straightforward, if a little brutal. ![]() You’re guided through your training by the voice of Pam, but you’ll soon be getting to know other surgeons and uncover more about the facility as you hack your way to surgical victory. At a facility built to train anybody to be a surgeon, it becomes immediately apparent that not everything is as it seems. Surgeon Simulator 2: Access All Areas looks to expand on the original with multiple game modes and actual movement.Īs well as a bunch of new mechanics Surgeon Simulator 2 also features a slightly sinister story. It was a basic game where you stood stationary performing (often botched) operations, with a wobbly hand and ridiculous physics based results. The original Surgeon Simulator was the perfect example of this. From Octodad to Getting Over It, deliberately tough controls can make even menial tasks both difficult and potentially amusing. Nothing is ever straightforward including head transplants - who would have known? The Bossa Labs Medical Facility is as much a character in this game as your fellow surgeons and seems to be totally trying to sabotage your surgical career with its labyrinthine corridors, devious puzzles, and tricky traps.įrom space stations to discos, bowling alleys to carnivals, your fellow surgeons have been creating some incredible and unlikely scenarios for surgical procedures - and they are all yours to play in with more levels and games being created all the time! Jump in and let the adventure begin!There is something inherently funny about a game that’s deliberately hard to play. Jump in as a solo sawbones or play with friends: the truth is out there! Reveal the truth behind the mysterious medical facility in Campaign Mode with a plot crafted by award-winning writer Rhianna Pratchett which has more twists than Bob’s intestines. You must work like a well-oiled machine, choosing to help, or hinder, the life-saving efforts in this unique and pandemonium pumped party game. In Story Mode, you can play solo or with friends and pull together as a team to perform operations, opening ribcages, choosing transplant organs, making sure Bob doesn’t bleed out - it’s a barrage of botch jobs that will test every element of your surgical skills, teamwork, and creativity. Plunge into frenzied and friendly cooperative operations or lock horns, or scalpels, in free-for-all arcade levels played with friends or other players online. Wanting to inject some creativity? Jump into the Creation Mode and build brand new game levels on your own or team up to build something amazing with multiplayer creation tools. Play frantically blood-splattered coop games or go solo in Surgeon Simulator 2’s rib-tickling Campaign Mode. Take on the cream of the medical establishment in riotous competitive challenges. Bob’s life is in your hand! It’s time to slip into your scrubs and grab the nearest scalpel (saw or sink plunger) and enter the Bossa Labs Medical Facility in this 1-4 player physics-based operating theatre of chaos. ![]() The remediation efforts are minimal compared to the recovery efforts in the event this is remotely exploited.US20050238050A1 - System and method for a dynamic protocol framework This is one of the many different attacks that can be performed on Cisco devices and very common in modern networks. Confirm that this configuration applied successfully by issuing: “show vstack status”.In global configuration mode on your Cisco device, issue the command: “no vstack”.Q: How can this attack be prevented in modern networks?Ī: This attack can be prevented by performing the following: This information confirms that we are now remotely connected to the remote Cisco device and have full device takeover. Let’s confirm this by viewing the Spanning Tree Protocol topology information. Let’s try and SSH into this Cisco device with this newly obtained information:Īs you can see, we have successfully established an SSH connection to the remote device and have fully compromised the device. From our port scan performed earlier, we noticed that both SSH and Telnet were opened on the remote device. ![]() Privilege level 15 in Cisco IOS is the equivalent of “root” in Linux or “NT\Authority System” in Windows. We can now view the startup-config and view this information:Īs seen in the startup-config, we have a local “admin” account with a plaintext password with privilege level 15. SIET will spin up a TFTP server on the local attacking machine and the device running Smart Install (once exploited), will run: “copy startup-config tftp (remote attacker IP)” the following screenshot demonstrates this: This information in the startup-config is plentiful with useful information including, password hashes, local usernames and passwords (plaintext or hashes), and network topology information such as: VLANs, trunk links, etc. Let’s proceed with exploiting this misconfiguration.īy using SIET, we can obtain the startup-config (configuration of Cisco IOS device in NVRAM vs running-config which is in RAM). With the information at hand, we can now confirm that the remote device is indeed running Smart Install. Let’s confirm with using SIET if this remote device is indeed running Smart Install: One common tool is call SIET (Smart Install Exploitation Tool). Many tools have been created for Smart Install exploitation. How can we confirm that this remote device is indeed running Smart Install? Let’s confirm if Smart Install is running on this remote device.įrom this information, we have reason to believe that this remote device is indeed running Smart Install. We first begin by performing a remote port scan within the network as seen below using a port scanner such as Nmap:įrom the following OS fingerprint from Nmap, the remote device appears to be a Cisco device. ![]() The following demo demonstrates abusing Smart Install and common tools/techniques seen in modern networks. This exposed service can lead to remote, unauthenticated attackers/threat actors to utilize this service and obtain sensitive information such as: the running-config, password hashes or plaintext passwords, and network topology information or even full device takeover. However, many network administrators and engineers alike do not disable this service when the deployment is finished. One common best practice across the information technology field is to disable unnecessary services or disable these services when no longer needed. This protocol is very useful for networking professionals for rapid deployment of new infrastructure. Smart Install runs on TCP port 4786 and requires no authentication to connect to the remote service. This can include devices such as switches and routers and many other devices running Cisco IOS. developed a widely used protocol to perform zero touch deployment of new infrastructure. ![]() Inspect the distal radial articular surface’s position it should cup the carpal bones.Assess the distal radial contour which should appear smooth (any irregularities in the contour may indicate a fracture).You can confirm that the hand/wrist is in a neutral position by drawing a line through the long axis of the radius, capitate and the third metacarpal (normal axes are within 10° of this line). Hand placed palm down in a neutral position with fingers extended on the X-ray plate.Postero-anterior (PA) viewĪ PA view is typically obtained with the patient seated in the following position: Step 2 – AlignmentĬheck bony alignment on PA and lateral views. AdequacyĬheck the adequacy of the radiograph, it should include the distal radius and ulna with no overlap between the two bones. There are two standard projections produced when a wrist X-ray is performed:Īn oblique view may be obtained to provide additional views of the radial side of the wrist.Īncillary views may be obtained depending on the clinical presentation and potential differential diagnoses. If previous radiographs are available, they should also be reviewed to provide a point of reference.Ī structured approach to wrist X-ray interpretation is discussed below. Whether it is a radiograph of the left or right wrist.Patient details (name, date of birth, unique identification number).The wrist (carpus) is composed of 8 bones as remembered by the mnemonic ‘ Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle’:įurther details of the anatomical structure of the hand and wrist can be found in our overview of the bones of the hand.īegin by confirming you have the correct patient and the correct radiograph by assessing the following: The main bones of the forearm are the ulna (medially, at the side of the little finger) and radius (laterally, at the side of the thumb). The terms volar and palmar are used interchangeably to describe the palmar surface of the hand while the term dorsal is used to describe the back surface of the hand. The intricate anatomy of the wrist makes wrist X-ray interpretation a challenging task. You might also be interested in our OSCE Flashcard Collection which contains over 2000 flashcards that cover clinical examination, procedures, communication skills and data interpretation. |
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